As part of the postwar settlement, and especially since the 1960s, small European democracies instituted many entitlement programs and redistributive income policies. Each country has responded differently, however, to the economic stagnation that followed the turmoil in world trade and monetary...

Why is the policy of no alternatives so dangerous? -- What does "crisis policy" mean and why do its consequences have a disintegrative effect? -- What are the costs of the low interest rate policy? -- How much was the debt relief for Greece really? -- To what extent do national additional money...

Where is a liability union already evident today? -- To what extent is the reconstruction fund the blueprint for a fiscal-centralist European Monetary Fund? -- Is debt relief coming? -- Are Greek "geuros" and Italian "minibots" as government money the solution? -- Why are national parallel...

The debt crisis in several member states of the euro area has raised doubts on the viability of European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and the future of the euro. While the launch of the euro in 1999 stirred a lot of interest in regional monetary integration and even monetary unification in...

The increasing occurrence of national, regional, and global financial crises, together with their rising costs and complexity, have increased calls for greater regional and global monetary cooperation. This is particularly necessary in light of volatile capital flow movements that can quickly...

This paper considers the form of monetary policy coordination and regional exchange rate arrangement that would best support economic and financial integration in East Asia. In view of the region's economic diversity, we propose a graduated program of informal policy cooperation from weak forms...