The purpose of this paper is to describe and interpret some empirical regularities in the movements of money's income velocity of circulation in major industrial countries. The results offer support for the "portfolio view", especially in the case of Germany. Since 1976, increases in the...

While the long run relation between money and inflation is well established, empirical evidence on the adjustment to the long run equilibrium is very heterogeneous. In the present paper we use a multivariate state space framework, that substantially expands the traditional vector error...

This study models the velocity (V2) of broad money (M2) since 1929, covering swings in money [liquidity] demand from changes in uncertainty and risk premia spanning the two major financial crises of the last century: the Great Depression and Great Recession. V2 is notably affected by risk...