"We examine portage sites in the U.S. South, Mid-Atlantic, and Midwest, including those on the fall line, a geomorphologic feature in the southeastern U.S. marking the final rapids on rivers before the ocean. Historically, waterborne transport of goods required portage around the falls at these...

As distorted maps may mislead, Natural Language Processing (NLP) models may misrepresent. How do we know which NLP model to trust? We provide comprehensive guidance for selecting and applying NLP representations of patent text. We develop novel validation tasks to evaluate several leading NLP...

We estimate how acute air pollution exposure from wildfire smoke impacts human health in the U.S., allowing for nonlinear effects. Wildfire smoke is pervasive and produces air quality shocks of varying intensity, depending on wind patterns and plume thickness. Using administrative Medicare...