This paper attempts to quantify the impact of fragmentation on employment. Factor demand functions for labour and intermediates and mark up price equations derived from a Generalized Leontief cost function at industry level are estimated. Import prices and output prices influence the price of...

The paper analyses the effects of international fragmentation in terms of intermediate goods trade on the dynamics of skill-specific real wage bills in manufacturing of three Central and East European countries (Hungary, Poland, the Czech Republic). Both intermediate goods exports and imports of...

This paper attempts to quantify the impact of outsourcing on production patterns and the labour market in a two-sector specific-factors model with skilled labour (specific factor) and unskilled labour (mobile factor). Outsourcing can be compared to the case, where trade liberalisation leads to...

The authors show that estimated productivities of labor and capital, which rationalize trade flows across countries, are related to total factor productivities, which rationalize output differences across countries. They present evidence that these productivities from trade are related to the...

The simple Ricardian model explains the comparative cost advantage by a relative productivity advantage of the single factor of production. This model is tested in this paper using microdata of the german business survey. In a first approach labour is being considered to be the only factor of...

We develop a model of international trade with increasing returns to scale by taking into account the possibility of cooperation among agents in an egalitarian economy. It is shown that each country gains from trade in a trading world in which there are arbitrary numbers of...