European Union (EU), had successfully completed negotiations and fulfilled all accession requirements, taken membership in the … membership. Using the differences-in-differences and synthetic control methods with regional data, we find substantial … politically driven economic benefits from EU membership: if Norway had joined the EU in 1995, productivity levels between 1995 and …

changes associated with Turkish membership: (i) accession to the internal European Market; (ii) institutional reforms in … Turkey triggered by EU-membership; and (iii) migration in response to the free movement of workers. Overall, the … response to EU-membership, consumption per capita in Turkey could raise by an additional 9 percent. These benefits would spill …