The increasing concentration of retailing in many countries (particularly in Europe) is a cause for concern for competition authorities. In a formal model, we argue that retailer market power influences upstream firms` incentives to introduce new products. On the basis of a survey of German food...

Using the overcharge estimates for 395 cartel episodes, we evaluate the impact of cartel characteristics on the size of overcharges imposed by cartels in different geographic markets and during six antitrust law regimes starting from the 18th century. We find that the average overcharge imposed...