Russia's transition to a market economy has had profound effects on its municipal water and wastewater sector. The country's overall economic downturn and severe fiscal constraints have deprived the municpal water and wastewater companies and local governments of the large subsidies they used to...

Cities in Europe are increasingly challenged by their responsibilities to provide public services and infrastructure. Many of them face the necessity for the modernisation and restructuring of their public infrastructural facilities, e.g. the local public transport infrastructure, utilities,...