Pakistan is a developing country with more than a quarter of its population living under the poverty line. Data relating to the socioeconomic conditions of the population is scarce and sporadic. Government, NGOs, and other international organizations perform door-to-door surveys to collect data,...

Purpose: Our study assesses financial development and debt status impact on energy efficiency in Nigeria as a developing economy. Methodology: We combined the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL), FMOLS, and CCR analytical methods to estimate the parameters for energy efficiency policy...

Feminist foreign policy (FFP) provides a policy framework for government action and for processes and structures within ministries. The introduction of such a framework is linked to a change in policy that is intended to help reduce discriminatory asymmetric relations of power. FFP is a new...

Empirical literature on the effect of Contract Farming (CF) on economic development of a Less Developed Economy (LDC) is divided on the basic issue of concern for the policy makers in LDCs: should CF be encouraged, and if so, under what circumstances? Broadly, there are both intermediate (yield,...

Prior studies have shown that innovation has a mediating effect on the relationship between corporate governance and firm performance. This study compares this mediating effect in developed and developing countries using agency theory and signaling theory. A panel sample of 2,688 firms in...