The IMF Working Papers series is designed to make IMF staff research available to a wide audience. Almost 300 Working Papers are released each year, covering a wide range of theoretical and analytical topics, including balance of payments, monetary and fiscal issues, global liquidity, and...

This paper examines the phenomenon of cross-currency substitution and the validity of monetary aggregation within the European Monetary System using non-parametric methods which exploit the relationship between intergroup substitution and separability. The separability property is tested using...