This 1999 Article IV Consultation highlights that real GDP growth for The Bahamas accelerated from less than 1 percent a year in 1994–95 to 4 percent in 1996, but slowed somewhat in 1997–98 as construction work on a second phase of tourism projects led to a decline in the number of available...

Germany’s economic growth and recovery from the global crisis are explained in this study. Tax, education, and innovation policies are specific measures supported by the authorities. External and financial shocks received by Germany and other outward spillovers are outlined. Germany has a high...

In this study, the economic development of Poland after the recession is discussed. The importance of maintaining macroeconomic policies and advancing growth-enhancing structural reforms are explained. Increase in labor participation and a reduction in product market rigidities are key to...

The Kyrgyz Republic is recovering from a deep political crisis. Agriculture, tourism, mining, and textile production will be important drivers of growth. Strong export-oriented growth and fiscal consolidation will help to reduce the current account deficit in the medium term. Executive Directors...

Trade was also initially undermined by a severe recession. Kazakhstan is facing increased challenges from higher global commodity prices. Against this background, an encompassing policy response is needed to control inflation and mitigate the scope for second-round price effects. The increase of...

Issues and statistical appendices are discussed. Government-related entities (GREs) have been a major source of growth and development for the United Arab Emirates (U.A.E.) economy. The global financial and economic crisis has, however, unveiled the fiscal and financial risks posed by GREs. The...

The importance of safeguarding fiscal sustainability is outlined. Steps taken by authorities to improve the tax system are discussed. Implementation of the financial sector assessment program (FSAP) is welcomed. The importance of securing approval of the legislation to enhance consolidated...

The Savings Working Group in New Zealand presented recommendations in February 2011, and suggested raising national saving by 2–3 percent of GDP. The increase in net public saving in the country explains part of the reason for lower net private saving in New Zealand. Net public saving of the...

Kazakhstan’s economic recovery and unemployment rate and other issues are discussed in this paper. The banking and corporate sectors have not recovered from the crisis despite strong economic growth. Ownership and partial financing of the envisaged centralized distressed asset fund by the...

The Slovak economy showed recovery from sharp recession. Executive Directors suggested that restoring fiscal sustainability and removing unemployment while maintaining external competitiveness within the monetary union should be given priority. The fiscal consolidation strategy could be...