I model the strategic interaction between firms, that face decisions on investment, forward contracts and spot market … quantities. For an investment decision that takes place after firms have contracted forward but before firms compete on the spot … market (medium term investment), competition becomes fierce. Thus, the efficiency gains from forward trading found by Allaz …

Purpose: The cost and environmental impact of energy is driving better quantification of energy utilization in a … business context. Determining an entire business electrical energy usage, inclusive of core operations and support activities … every change implies significant rework of the business energy calculations. This study develops a holistic energy …