network size from the declining cash use in Finland. The Finnish regulation has almost exclusively focused on foreign fees …

It has been long recognized that cash plays a critical role in fueling street crime due to its liquidity and … transactional anonymity. In poor neighborhoods where street offenses are concentrated, a significant source of circulating cash … circulation of cash on the streets associated with EBT implementation had an effect on crime. To address this question, we exploit …

rather than cash; that is, to understand changes in socioeconomic factors on the long-term use of alternatives to cash. Using …