The oil sectors in the North African countries of Algeria, Libya, Egypt and Sudan have witnessed major transformations in the past decade or so. In Algeria, government reforms in the mid 1980s resulted in the entry of a wide range foreign oil companies to an oil sector previously dominated by...

The electrical energy is transmitted from the generating stations to the consumers through a transmission network. The effectiveness of improving voltage profile yields high transmission network efficiency and increase the capacity of transmission lines, also decrease power losses, voltage drop...