Information and communication technology (ICT) can be regarded as a universal technological system, which is closely linked to all of the previous systems and creates new, more complex technological systems. ICT's main characterizing function is to assure acquiring, storing, processing,...

The interdependence of electricity and natural gas is becoming a major energy policy and regulatory issue in all jurisdictions around the world. The increased role of gas fired plants in renewable-based electricity markets and the dependence on gas imports make this issue particular striking for...

We benefit from the Bologna reform to show how course and program policies affect academic achievement. We examine two similar programs at the business school of a major European university, which were both reformed. Time lags in the reforms allow us to estimate the difference in the differences...