Macroeconomic performance has been relatively strong, and the large fiscal adjustment and the VAT reform represent significant progress in strengthening the fiscal position. Progress with reforms sets the stage for resolving longstanding economic problems. Tax collections have grown strongly....

We develop a micro-founded general equilibrium model with heterogeneous agents to identify pertinent constraints to financial inclusion. We evaluate quantitatively the policy impacts of relaxing each of these constraints separately, and in combination, on GDP and inequality. We focus on three...

In many parts of the world, schools are often used as temporary shelters before, during, and after disasters that may prolong calamity-induced school closures. In this study, we combined student assessment data from the Philippine round of the 2019 Trends in International Mathematics and Science...