Frontmatter -- Foreword -- Contents -- Abbreviations Used in Notes -- I. Agricultural History, Organizations and Protection Prior to 1880 -- II. A Decade of Depression -- III. The Syndicats agricoles -- IV. Nationalist Economic Theory -- V. The Campaign for Protection -- VI. The Passage of the...

Frontmatter -- Foreword -- Contents -- Introduction -- 1. Customs Tariff under the Military Government (August 20, 1898, to March 8, 1902) -- 2. The Act of March 8, 1902 (March 8, 1902, to August 5, 1909) -- 3. Attempts to Revise the Philippine Tariff Laws during 1905– 1908 (August 5, 1909 to...

Many studies use tariffs to measure changes in trade policy. This paper shows that standard sources for tariffs suffer from substantial measurement error due to misreporting and the resulting false imputation: Countries fail to report tariffs every year and missing data are more prevalent for...

We study the economic and political consequences of the 2018-2019 trade war between the United States, China and other US trade partners at the detailed geographic level, exploiting measures of local exposure to US import tariffs, foreign retaliatory tariffs, and US compensation programs. The...

We estimate the macroeconomic effects of import tariffs and trade policy uncertainty in the United States, combining theory-consistent and narrative sign restrictions on Bayesian SVARs. We find mostly adverse consequences of protectionism. Tariff shocks are more important than trade policy...

Some countries have voiced unease about differences between their own tariff rates and those of major trading partners, calling for more "reciprocity". These calls raise the question how large the negative spillover effects of countries' tariffs on others have become over time. Given a presumed...