Riker's `size principle' predicts that only minimal winning coalitions (MWCs) will form in n-person zero-sum games that satisfy certain conditions. After summarizing the logic of this principle, a model is proposed in which n players can be ordered from most to least weighty. Two different kinds...

This paper analyzes criteria of fair division of a set of indivisible items among people whose revealed preferences are limited to rankings of the items and for whom no side payments are allowed. The criteria include refinements of Pareto optimality and envy-freeness as well as...

Utility theory is interested in people's preferences or values and with assumptions about a person's preferences that enable them to be represented in numerically useful ways. The first two sections of this paper say more about what utility is, why people are interested in it, and how it is...

Additive utility formulations for risky and nonrisky multiple-factor decision situations are reviewed. Twenty-four methods of estimating additive utilities are listed and classified. References to the theory and technique of each method are given along with a short discussion of each. A number...

This paper gives a necessary and sufficient condition for the following proposition, in which \preceq and \preceq _i for i - 1,..., n are weak orders on a finite set X. There are real-valued functions f₁, f₂,..., f_n on X such that, for all x and y in X and i in {1,...,n}x\preceq _i y if and only...

This paper is the second of a two-paper study of fairness issues for decisions that affect the benefits received and the risks encountered by a population. The study examines fairness for individuals and for homogeneous groups within the population. It considers fairness both for population...

The first major experimental comparison of approval voting with regular plurality voting occurred in the 1985 annual election of The Institute of Management Sciences (TIMS). In approval voting a person votes for (approves of) as many candidates as desired, the winner being the candidate with the...