This study analyses how changes in various aspects of excise tax systems, including minimum price laws and differential price tiers for taxation jointly rather than independently, influence firms’ pricing decisions. We apply our model to Indonesia, where the tobacco excise tax system is...

A generous PAYG defined benefit pension system can guarantee retirees to have comfortable life, but the state budget may not be sustainable when the population is ageing. On the other hand, a defined contribution pension system guarantees state budget sustainability, but making retirees'...

It has been more then four years since the economic crisis in Indonesia. While other Asian countries such as South Korea and Malaysia have shown significant improvement, Indonesia seems to have the slowest economic recovery process. In order to deal with the economic crisis, the government has...

For Indonesia the fall of Suharto in 1998 brought dramatic changes in the political landscape. It signified the beginning of transformation from an authoritarian regime towards a more democratic society where the distribution power is more devolved. In this respect Indonesia follow what is...

A generous PAYG defined benefit pension system can guarantee retirees to have comfortable life, but the state budget may not be sustainable when the population is ageing. On the other hand, a defined contribution pension system guarantees state budget sustainability, but making retirees’...