Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China 60 years ago, the country has experienced profound institutional transformation, which includes various milestones such as “land to the tiller”, the People’s Commune, household contract responsibility system, and a new approach to...

The purpose of this paper is to outline key emerging and conceptual issues in the development of the rural non-farm economy in less developed countries (LDCs) and transition economies. It is based on a conceptual framework where the rural non-farm economy (RNFE) is discussed as being either part...

The early years of the post-socialist era saw the beginnings of massive regional and social differentiation in Hungary, which led to the emergence of three regional types. In the economic race there are those regions that develop vigorously, others that can be labelled as transition regions and...

Since the beginning of transition, rural economies in Central and Eastern Europe have undergone a strong restructuring with increasing urban-rural disparities. The analysis of the rural situation on the basis of GDP p.c., investments, unemployment and sectoral structures leads to the question on...

This article is devoted to changes in the functional structure of Poland’s rural areas in the years 1988-1999, that is – in the period of transition from the socialist to market economy and the country’s preparations for the EU accession. As the result of functional classification of rural...

Problems currently observed in Polish agriculture have different origins. Some of them have an historical background, while others are related to systemic transformation and forthcoming accession to the European Union. Most of the problems are common for all the candidate countries and most of...

The study examined the influence of access to transport on socio-economic transformation of selected rural areas in South- East, Nigeria. Survey/cross sectional design was adopted. The population of the study consisted of 2,850,543 people from 15 local government areas in selected rural areas of...

During the 1990s transition period in Central and Eastern Europe, the retail sector was privatised and some domestic-capital supermarket chains gradually emerged. Massive inflows of foreign direct investment followed and competitive domestic investments drove a rapid take-off of large-format...