Unions and collective bargaining play a central role in shaping wages and influencing firms' employment decisions and … employment. Unions typically increase wages and other working conditions for their members and often all employees working in … working similar jobs. At the same time, wages are higher in firms under collective bargaining, even in similar firms in the …

probit models were estimated to study the effect of HIWS on the mediating variables (job interest, effort and wages), and … – Empirical results show that HIWS results in higher levels of effort, higher wages and perceptions of a more interesting job …. Moreover, greater involuntary physical effort reduces job satisfaction while higher wages, greater voluntary effort …