during the 1980s and 1990s in India. We use a unique dataset on India's industrial licensing regime to test whether … of these differences during the 1980s, when India's external sector remained relatively closed to the world economy, and … the 1990s, when India underwent massive liberalization reforms and became increasingly integrated with the global economy …

Most high and middle-income countries showed symptoms of skill-biased technological change in the 1980s. India-a low … income country-did not, perhaps because India's traditionally controlled economy may have limited the transfer of … skill-biased technological change did in fact arrive in India in the 1990s using panel data disaggregated by industry and …

India seems to have followed an idiosyncratic pattern of development, certainly compared to other fast-growing Asian … economies. While the emphasis on services rather than manufacturing has been widely noted, within manufacturing India has … they stem from the idiosyncratic policies adopted soon after India's independence. We then look to the future, using the …