Since the fall of the Berlin Wall the transition countries of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union have witnessed dramatic changes in outputs, the nature of jobs, standards of living, patterns of trade and the quality of education and health services. Yet, during much of this period,...

Da es in der ehemaligen Sowjetunion viele historisch gewachsene Nationen mit ihrem eigenen Territorium gab, wurde es für notwendig erachtet, jede Nation mit anderen zu vermengen und eine russische Kulturbasis zu schaffen. Die gegenwärtigen Probleme mit Nationalitäten sind teilweise eine Folge...

The study offers a unified perspective on what has driven productivity, economic integration, migration, employment and living standards in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union, drawing on household budget surveys, enterprise surveys and special purpose firm level data sets.

Armenia, Georgia, the Kyrgyz Republic, and Tajikistan have all experienced substantial out-migration of workers and an associated inflow of workers' remittances over the past two decades. These four countries have much higher human capital, as measured by the Human Capital Index, than is typical...