manufacturing sector in Gross Domestic Product (GDP). At the same time, the transition towards industrialization might trigger high …

pressure on arable land, causing water pollution and greenhouse gases. For crop farming, only China's NB per arable land unit … in all countries except Japan has risen. Even more recently, China's NBP has risen differently to other countries …' movements. The estimation results of the environmental Kuznets curve suggest China's NBAL will rise continuously with gross …

openness, foreign direct investment, oil prices, the legal system and industrialization. Design/methodology/approach To verify … growth (GDP), industrial development (industrialization), foreign direct investment and trade openness have been obtained … pollution haven hypothesis, wherein more trade and foreign direct investments cause environmental degradation, the paper …