The output gap, while inherently unobservable, plays a pivotal role in informing policymakers due to its significant implications for forecasting inflation rates and understanding the mechanisms of monetary policy transmission. Traditional filters frequently employed in estimating the output gap...

Despite its economic potential, oil palm has earned a bad reputation for its negative environmental and mixed social impacts. In the Eastern Brazilian Amazon, oil palm production has expanded rapidly over the past decade. Meanwhile, in the same landscape, Agroforestry Systems (AFS) have been...