The dynamics of Austria's economic relations with the EU Eastern Partnership (EaP) countries - Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine - and with Russia have deviated from those of the EU in several important ways. During the decade preceding the war in Ukraine, Austrian trade...

In this study, we investigate the employers' attitude towards Russian migrants in Kazakhstan's labor market. We conduct a field experiment by sending over 1600 fictitious job applications to real job openings posted on one of the largest job search portals in the country. The job applicants...

Adam Smith defeats Karl Marx: this shorthand summary of the collapse of socialism in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union was not uncommon during the early years of reform. But would Adam Smith approve of the nature of the economic transition in Russia? This essay, drawing intensively...