Canada has come through the pandemic relatively well and, as a commodity exporter, has been hit less hard than many other countries have been by Russia's war on Ukraine. Nonetheless, inflation is well above target, housing affordability is a major concern following a long boom that may now have...

This paper presents the first set of borrowing agreements that have been finalized as part of the loan mobilization round launched in July 2021 to cover the cost of pandemic-related lending and support the self-sustainability of the Poverty Reduction and Growth Trust (PRGT). All agreements...

The Bank of Canada (BOC) sets a high benchmark for transparency, which is recognized by its stakeholders, thus maintaining a high level of trust and accountability. The BOC's transparency practices are broadly aligned with expanded and comprehensive practices as defined by the IMF Central Bank...

Recent developments in the Western Hemisphere-that is, the United States/Canada and Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC)-have been dominated by the impact of two distinct global shocks: the COVID-19 pandemic and then the Russian invasion of Ukraine. A third shock-the tightening of financial...

This report reviews the Goods and Services Tax (GST) regime in the Maldives and identifies policy and legal reform options to support its modernization, as well as enhancing efficiency, equity, and revenue mobilization. Despite five existing amendments to the Goods and Services Tax Act (GSTA)...

Innovation ist für die Zukunftsfähigkeit wichtig und wird in vielen Ländern Europas mit unterschiedlichen Strategien gefördert. Diese unterscheiden sich auf den ersten Blick weniger durch das Instrumententarium, sondern durch Zugang, Politikmix und inhaltliche Schwerpunkte. Der Band will die...

Neighbours and Networks explores the economic relationship that existed between the Blood Indian reserve and the surrounding region of southern Alberta between 1884 and 1939. The Blood tribe, though living on a reserve, refused to become economically isolated from the larger community and indeed...