Thirty years ago, a vast share of low- and middle-income countries was heavily state controlled. The liberalizations of the 1980s and 1990s had greatly different effects on growth in countries in Africa, Asia, and Europe. A comparative framework is used to document these differences, and a model...

The purpose of this research paper is to check the gold reserves and its prices among different continents of the world. We choose Africa, America, Europe and Asia to check which continents has the highest gold reserves; also check how countries and their policies affect the Gold prices. The...

This study provides a link between accounting, managerial discretion and monetary policy. Monetary authorities encourage banking institutions to supply credit to the economy. Increased bank supply of credit is a good thing but too much of a good can be a bad thing. This paper investigates under...

This study extends the literature on the determinants of NPL. I investigate whether banks anticipate non-performing loans by making balance sheet adjustments. This study draws insights into the actions taken by credit risk management teams and bank managers to minimize the size of non-performing...

Venture Finance and Entrepreneurship have provided the invisible levers controlling the growth of new innovations in the world economy. The article tries to trace the history of growth in venture finance in US, UK, Europe, Africa, Asia and India. The structural differences between Informal,...