The Balassa-Samuelson effect is usually seen as the prime explanation of the continuous real appreciation of central and east European (CEE) transition countries' currencies against their western counterparts. The response of a small country's real exchange rate to various shocks is derived in a...

Verlagsinfo: "Financializations of Development brings together cutting-edge perspectives on socio-political, socio-historical and institutional analyses of the evolving multiple and intertwined financialization processes of developmental institutions, programs and policies. In recent years, the...

Thirty years ago, a vast share of the poor and middle income countries were heavily state-controlled. The effects of the liberalizations in the 1980s and 1990s differed strongly between regions in Africa, Asia and Europe. This paper first documents these differences in reform effects in a...

Kurz vor dem erfolgreichen Abschluß der Uruguay-Runde des Allgemeinen Zoll- und Handelsabkommens im April 1994 wurden Forderungen nach der Einbeziehung einer Sozialklausel in das Welthandelssystem laut. Dadurch soll ein international verbindliches Mindestmaß an Sozialstandards erreicht und...