extreme urgency" within the meaning of Article 31(b) of the TRIPS Agreement. Some legislations, such as European competition …

period of revision, as countries seek to redress the mismatch between their new, “oversized” TRIPS-style patent systems and …In the 1990s developing countries implemented new patent regimes to comply with their international obligations under … the TRIPS Agreement. In general, the new TRIPS-style regimes adopted in most countries, which offer private rights of …

landmark Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property (TRIPS), but also including more recent free trade … discusses how patent-like rights (such as "data exclusivity") prevent lower-cost generic medicines from entering into the …