The Non-Observed Economy (NOE) vs. the Shadow Economy (SE) display large discrepancies throughout the European Union transition countries, in particular in Poland. A tractable taxonomy of unobserved activities is designed according to both definition and scope. Direct measurements from tax...

Chapter 1: Introductory words -- Chapter 2: Shadow Economy. Setting the economic and institutional context -- Chapter 3: How large is Shadow Economy -- Chapter 4: Shadow Economy in Poland – results of the survey -- Chapter 5: Conclusions and recommendations.