international conflict. In this paper, we investigate whether this motive is sufficiently important for war to persist in … Immanuel Kant (1795, 1991) always exists. The reason is that in the absence of the threat of war, leaders are unable to divert … exist with a positive war frequency. Third, if multiple equilibria exist, the perpetual peace equilibrium may be unstable in …

The full-scale invasion of Ukraine and the ongoing war have caused and continue causing damages of devastating …. Reconstruction will require a mix of emergency measures dealing with the legacies of the war and structural reforms addressing pre …

This brief presents an overview of Ukraine's economy before and during the first ten months of the Russo-Ukraine war …, as well as some preliminary considerations for the post-war economy. Although Ukraine's economic growth trailed many of …'s economic recovery. As long as the war continues, Ukraine's public finances and military efforts must largely be financed by …