administrative vital statistics, we find that birth control clinics accounted for 5.0-7.8% of the overall fertility decline until … infant mortality. The effect of birth control clinics on puerperal deaths is consistently negative, yet insignificant …

fetuses. We investigate their impact on son-biased fertility stopping behavior, parental investments in girls relative to boys …, and the relative chances of girls surviving after birth. We find a moderation of son-biased fertility, erosion of gender … gaps in breastfeeding and immunization, and complete convergence in the post-neonatal mortality rates of boys and girls …

capita and child mortality on fertility rates are non-robust and inconsistent with the predictions of the unified growth …A consensus among social scientists is that fertility rates in Africa are declining. What determines these declines? I … present fresh evidence that shows education, especially for women, is an important determinant of the fertility transition in …

mortality, fertility rate and female education. We show that reduction in child mortality is best predicted by the level of GDP … in a country over the preceding 5 years. Fertility rate decreases when current or predicted child mortality is low, and … is weakly dependent on female education and economic growth. As fertility drops, GDP increases producing a cycle that …

risks analysis yields several striking results. 1) Females have only a 28% chance to die of cancer when they have children … unmarried males); 3) females with children have only a 34% risk to die of heart disease and 4) a 53% chance of dying from … infections (compared to females without children); 5) married men have an increased expectation of 23% to die of heart disease …