This study considers endogenous determination of domestic standards on products that cause negative consumption externalities in the presence of a preferential trade agreement (PTA) in a three-country world. In particular, we examine how a PTA affects the optimal levels of external tariffs and...

This paper explores foreign equity caps for international joint ventures under different types of competition, i.e., Bertrand and Cournot competition, with product differentiation. We demonstrate that government sets the foreign equity cap at a laxer level under Cournot competition than under...

We analyze foreign equity caps for international joint ventures. We develop a partial equilibrium model in which foreign equity caps are determined endogenously and find an interesting property, named a welfare indifference property i.e., maximization of domestic welfare and that of world...

A set of <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$$n$$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"> <math xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </math> </EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-principal points of a <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$$p$$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"> <math xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <mrow> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> </math> </EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-dimensional distribution is an optimal <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$$n$$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"> <math xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </math> </EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-point-approximation of the distribution in terms of a squared error loss. It is in general difficult to derive an explicit expression of principal points. Hence, we may have to...</equationsource></equationsource></inlineequation></equationsource></equationsource></inlineequation></equationsource></equationsource></inlineequation>

In this paper, first we make a maximal extension of the well-known Gauss-Markov Theorem (GMT) in its linear framework. In particular, the maximal class of distributions of error term for which the GMT holds is derived. Second, we establish a nonlinear version of the maximal GMT and describe some...

We analyze the impact of globalization on the incentive to strengthen regional integration. In a simple three-country oligopolistic trade model, we demonstrate that increased external competitive pressure may induce governments, influenced by producer interests, to lower intra-regional trade...