households - are likely to mitigate their vulnerability and, thus, to reduce the incidence of illiteracy and poverty in Senegal … force participation and the earnings of illiterate workers in Senegal. Controlling for selection bias, selective sorting …%) higher than the ones of another illiterate female (urban) worker whose family's ratio of literate to illiterate members is …

Using the 2012 PIAAC data, our analysis confirms that there are significantly higher earnings and employment returns to …

wages, is sufficiently large to suggest that they are in high demand and that there is a relative scarcity. Policymakers …