Planned obsolescence is associated with a form of industrial production that relies on a minimum renewal rate for its products. Although product renewal is necessary, certain abuses need to be addressed.The EESC would like to see a total ban on products with built-in defects designed to end the...

This study aims to understand the gap between agricultural producer prices in the EU and the prices paid by the consumer between 2003 and 2005, with a view to explaining the decisive factors in this area for key agricultural sectors and, on the basis of this analysis, to formulate economic and...

The Annual Activity Report is a management report of the Director-General of DG Justice and Consumersto the College of Commissioners. It is the main instrument of management accountability within the Commission and constitutes the basis on which the Commission takes its responsibility for the...

The mission of the Directorate-General for Justice and Consumers is to uphold and strengthen the rights of people living in the European Union, whether they are acting as consumers, entrepreneurs or workers and the rights of EU citizens in the European Union and abroad. Our policies and our...

The mission of the Directorate-General for Justice and Consumers is to upholdand strengthen the rights of people living in the European Union, whether they are acting as citizens, consumers, entrepreneurs or workers. The Directorate-General works to achieve Commissioner Jourová’s core goals...

We study contracting between a consumer and an expert. The expert can invest in diagnosis to obtain a noisy signal about whether a low-cost service is sufficient or whether a high-cost treatment is required to solve the consumer's problem. This involves moral hazard because diagnosis effort and...

Several recent surveys ask for a person's subjective probabilities that the in ation rate falls into various outcome ranges. We provide a new measure of the uncertainty implicit in such probabilities. The measure has several advantages over existing methods: It is robust, trivial to implement,...