Firms differ in the extent to which they "pass-through" changes in exchange rates into the prices they charge in foreign markets. They also differ in their "exposure" to exchange rates--the responsiveness of their profits to changes in exchange rates. Because pricing directly affects...

This study examines the international repercussions of national sterilization policies under fixed exchange rates and managed flexibility. The effects of sterilization on the country pursuing the policy are well-known, but the adverse effects on other countries have not been adequately explored....

This paper investigates pricing by Japanese manufacturing firms in export and domestic markets. The paper reports equations explaining the margin between export prices in yen and domestic prices for a wide range of final goods including many of the electronic and transport products which have...

This paper investigates the importance of markup behavior in Japanese manufacturing. According to the evidence presented, Japanese firms have varied the markups of prices over marginal costs in order to limit the effects of exchange rate changes on output. This behavior is quite different from...

Foreign exchange exposure refers to the sensitivity of a firm's cash flows to changes in exchange rates. This study develops a model of foreign exchange exposure dependent on only three variables, the percentage of the firm's revenues and expenses denominated in foreign currency and its profit...

The Bretton Woods Conference of 1944 which fixed exchange rates for over twenty-five years is often cited as a model of economic cooperation among countries. Yet over fifteen years have elapsed since the breakdown of the Bretton Woods System without any serious efforts to restore fixed exchange...