The empirical literature testing the economic theory of crime has extensively studied the relative importance of the … probability and the severity of punishment with reference to planned criminal activities. There are, however, also unplanned …

The empirical literature testing the economic theory of crime has extensively studied the relative importance of the … probability and the severity of punishment with reference to planned criminal activities. There are, however, also unplanned …

experiment in two cities in Ghana. Using a public good game with third-party punishment, we find that punisher's age is an … important determinant of cooperation. Our results indicate the elder are more efficient using punishment than youngsters. …

welfare is reduced is that punishment can express anger about free-riding. If this is the case, then tools that regulate …

inappropriate. More importantly, victims of such abuse also start to believe that punishers' free-riding and punishment are …

systems exist that avoid these costs and whether other, more centralized, punishment systems are superior and will be … preferred by the people. Here, we show that welfare-enhancing peer sanctioning without much need for costly punishment emerges …. The exogenous removal of the norm consensus opportunity reduces the efficiency of peer punishment and renders centralized …