Backdating occurs when a company retroactively changes option grant dates to dates when its stock was trading at a relatively low price. Firm announcements of backdating generated adverse media publicity and negative pronouncements from academics regarding the economic effects and motivation of...

This research examines the economic impact of firms acting ethically on financial reporting performance and quality. We assess the impact of quarterly changes in the Covalance Ethics Index (CEI) rankings compared to firm financial performance (FP) and financial reporting quality (FRQ). A...