We examine the effect of related party transactions (RPTs) on audit fees in Indian public companies. RPTs can be used to manipulate financial statements as well as transfer wealth between firms and their related parties, and the presence of RPTs increases audit risk. We find that related party...

Using novel, proprietary data on operational losses from a large government-owned bank in India, we provide evidence that only 3% of operational risk events (particularly external frauds) account for more than 80% of aggregate operational losses. Operational losses are power-law distributed and...