thirteen countries in Latin America around 2010. Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica and Uruguay are the countries which … equalizing in Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay and also in Chile, Costa Rica and Ecuador but, in the latter, their effect is small …; Chile, Ecuador and Mexico are on trend; and, Argentina, Brazil, Costa Rica and Uruguay redistribute above the trend. Fiscal …

, TFPs have generally been effective in reducing poverty and indigence. In Brazil rural social assistance pensions cut the … incidence of destitution among poor older people by 95 per cent. In Chile TFPs considerably improved their poverty reduction …

This paper presents empirical results of a wide range of multidimensional poverty measures for: Argentina, Brazil … and Chile experienced significant reductions of multidimensional poverty. In contrast, in urban Uruguay there was a small … reduction in multidimensional poverty, while in urban Argentina the estimates did not change significantly. El Salvador, Brazil …