Quite apart from the diversity of situations in small and medium-sized towns, stabilising their town centres is a major challenge. In both countries, town centres have been weakened by commercial changes, a decline in the supply of services and transformations in lifestyles. They are...

This paper uses standard methods in stochastic calculus to measure the cost of the agency conflict that pits elected officials of French municipalities against the communities they represent in the management of the water supply. Under the French legal code, the municipalities are responsible...