This paper addresses the design of empirical tests to distinguish between two competing explanations of wage and employment determination in unionized labour markets, the labour-demand and efficient-contract models. We argue that most of the tests employed are restrictive, propose an alternative...

Empirical work on strikes has tended primarily to concern itself with the strike incidence, with the recurring finding that strikes occur procyclically. Less attendion has been paid to strike duration and the cyclical fluctuations it might display, although a variety of theoretical models have...