' participation in initial VET and their innovation outcomes. Our results show that the direct effects of initial VET on technological … innovation in small and mediumsized enterprises (SMEs) are on average quite weak. If at all, a training firm's initial VET … activities are associated with production innovation activities and not with process innovation. Larger effects can only be …

a positive impact on firm-level innovation, empirical evidence on the subject remains scarce. This study exploits … initial VET and their innovation outcomes. The results based on linear probability models and entropy balancing show that the … relationship between VET activity and innovation are more ambiguous than often postulated. Overall, the participation in initial …

stock through firm-sponsored training might lead to more innovation. We test this hypothesis using detailed data on firms …' human capital investments and innovation performance, the Canadian longitudinal linked employer-employee data from 1999 … training leads to more product and process innovation, with on-the-job training playing a role that is as important as …

—promotes innovation. Firms with PhD CEOs produce more exploratory patents with greater novelty, generality and originality. PhD CEOs …