time and place. Localised input-output relations between the actors of the system, knowledge spillovers and their untraded … knowledge creation and dissemination based on the fundamental distinction between codified and tacit forms. These concepts recur …

to sue for fraud. Plaintiffs in fraud cases of this kind—where the misrepresentation pertains to scientific knowledge …? Second, how should the court determine what knowledge the scientific community held at a given time for the purpose of … those harmed by scientific knowledge fraud to obtain relief …

In this paper it is tested which of the various alternative approaches for constructing knowledge spillover pools … knowledge spillovers are unmeasurable, a 'goodness of fit' measure is constructed using innovation survey data. It turns out … that measures of the uncentered correlation of firm characteristics seem to fit actual knowledge spillovers best. Direct …