It has long been recognized that an improved standard of living results from advances in technology, not from the accumulation of capital. It has also become clear that what truly separates developed from less-developed countries is not just a gap in resources or output but a gap in knowledge....

How can policymakers effectively reduce poverty? Most mainstream economists advocate promoting economic growth, on the grounds that it generally reduces poverty while bringing other economic benefits. However, this dominant hypothesis offers few alternatives for economies that are unable to...

Cover -- Half Title -- Series -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of figures -- List of tables -- Biographies of editors -- List of contributors -- Preface -- 1 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: the land of opportunities -- 2 Economic development vision of the Gulf Cooperation Council -- 3 Saudi...

1. Introduction - Not Managed at All: How the Idea for this Book Occurred and What it is About -- 2. The Medici and Renaissance Complexity: How the Challenges of Renaissance Banking Finally Defeated the First Multinational Bank -- 3. Rothschild, the Largest Bank in the World: How Multinational...

Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. 1808: The Napoleonic Wars and the Loss of the American Colonies -- Chapter 3. 1898: The “Fin de siècle” crisis -- Chapter 4. 1936: Frustrated hopes: the Great Depression, the Second Republic, and the Civil War -- Chapter 5. 1959: The Stabilization Plan...