The question of protecting intellectual property rights by academic inventors was never seriously contemplated until the introduction of the Bayh-Dole Act in 1980 in the US. The Act allowed universities to retain patent rights over inventions arising out of federally-funded research and to...

Universities are considered sources of technology that further economic development. Many policies have been considered by policymakers to expedite the university development and transfer process. The Bayh-Dole Act and its influence on university patenting is examined. University patents from...

"Academic science in the U.S. once self-consciously avoided the market. But today it is seen as an economic engine that keeps the nation globally competitive. Creating the Market University compares the origins of biotech entrepreneurship, university patenting, and university-industry research...