"The objective of this paper is to evaluate the effect of Plant Variety Protection (PVP) on the productive merit/yield increases of US seed varieties. As an example, we use wheat varieties, which are and have been available as both protected and unprotected under PVP from both the public and...

The public-private partnership involved in the development of Bt eggplant in India is unique in the context of developing countries, where poor farmers' access to technology is limited. The key questions arising in this context are: Who adopts what kind of technology? What are the factors...

Building on the evidence from the impact of hybrid technology on varietal diversity loss, this paper explores ex ante the possible effects of introduction of Bt eggplant on on-farm varietal diversity of eggplant. The public–private partnership involved in the development and introduction of Bt...

International efforts since 1883 to harmonize patent protection are described and evaluated. Substantial progress has been made in streamlining application processes and in standardizing the scope of protection. Significant gaps remain in (1) the opportunity to publicize an invention before...

Cattle kill floor operations were analyzed using sample data to determine the impacts of unionism on productivity at the plant level. No significant union effect either negative or positive was found, possibly because of the limited union role in setting wages and the wide variation in personnel...