This paper analyses major pension system regulation in four European countries: Denmark, Germany, Sweden, and the … affected the income position of high-income pensioners. However, also the structure of public pension benefits had a poverty …

Swedish work-line policy increased the risk of poverty by 1.0 percentage point and the Gini coefficient by 0.4. In Sweden, the … perspective, the results indicate that the Nordic model is resilient. In Sweden, a significant increase in the risk of poverty … behavioural effects did not fully offset the negative static effects on the risk-of-poverty rate and inequality. From a policy …

Focus in the paper is on poverty among immigrants and refugees 50 years and older coming to Denmark from countries … this group were fairly young at arrival to Denmark. Those arriving back in the 1970s and 1980s are now either close to or … become eligible for State pension. Poverty rates by national background are described using alternative household concepts …