This chapter provides a detailed analysis of the economic, legal and public policy rationales for the application of taxes and other fiscal measures on health-related commodities. The motivation for such taxes has been more often linked to the fiscal revenues generated than to their potential...

CO2 emission certificates internalise effects of fossil fuel consumption on global climate and sea levels. If they are only implemented in some countries, then their effectiveness is limited; Consumption, production and investment decisions do not reach the optimal allocation, production with...

Die vorliegende Untersuchung fragt nach Chancen und Grenzen von Partizipation in all ihren Erscheinungsformen (Gesetzgebung, Verwaltung, Gerichte, Konsumentenhandeln, diverse informelle Partizipationsformen). Die Studie zielt neben einer allgemeinen Klärung jener Fragestellung insbesondere auf...

Die vorliegende Untersuchung widmet sich der Frage, wie in Zeiten großer globaler und wachsender inländischer sozialer Ungleichheiten Sozialpolitik in den OECD-Staaten möglich bleibt, zugleich aber auch in den Entwicklungs- und Schwellenländern erst im vollen Sinne möglich wird. Da das...

Economic globalization affects the environment and sustainable development in several ways and through various channels. The purpose of this paper is to review the key links between globalization and the environment. The paper intends to consider the major issues in multilateral economic...

China is the leading exporter of rare earths, elements which are crucial to the development of high-tech products and new green technologies. In recent years, however, China has begun imposing export restraints on these elements in order to benefi t its domestic economic development. This...

We explore the impact of multilateral liberalization, with emphasison distributional effects across countries. We first develop a realistic base1ine that takes into account events such as the entry of China into the WTO and the enlargement of the EU, allowing us to focus on those effects that...

Most of the large tariff reductions achieved in multilateral tradenegotiations have involved tariff-cutting formulas such as the Swissformula. However, wide variations in initial tariff rates between activeparticipants call for new approaches under the Doha Development Agenda.This paper surveys...

We develop a mixed complementarity programming (MCP) based estimating framework for non-tariff barriers (NTBs) to examine the evolution of market access conditions in the textile and clothing sectors, working with a panel of bilateral trade data on textile and clothing trade, underlying...