Low incomes and high unemployment in rural areas are issues of concern to policy makers in all countries. With the ongoing structural adjustment in primary agriculture employment opportunities are diminishing, while off-farm employment in rural areas is growing, albeit gradually

In 2003–05, Germany undertook extensive labor market reforms which were followed by a large and persistent decline in unemployment. Key elements of the reforms were a drastic cut in benefits for the long-term unemployed and tighter job search and acceptance obligations. Using a large...

This Coordinated Direct Investment Survey Guide (Guide) has been prepared to assist economies participating in the Coordinated Direct Investment Survey (CDIS). The CDIS is being conducted under the auspices of the Statistics Department (STA) of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) across a wide...

Using a cross-sectional dataset of 13 manufacturing sectors in 27 Asian developing countries from 2008 to 2022, we investigated the impact of the presence of foreign firms on wages of workers from domestic firms. First, we found that the average wage of workers from foreign firms is higher than...

Firms commonly use probation to evaluate new hires before making long-term commitments. Workers accepting jobs with a high initial risk of dismissal may expect compensation for this risk. Utilizing an original dataset of Japanese online job ads, this study employs propensity score matching and...